What counts as a real estate note
You sold a house, a duplex or a piece of land, and the buyer pays you over time in place of a bank. The paper from that sale is a real estate note: a promise to pay, secured by the property. The promise is the promissory note your buyer signed. The security is the mortgage or deed of trust you recorded, which is the lien that lets you take the property back if they stop paying.
Those two documents travel together. When you sell, the note is endorsed over to the buyer and the lien is assigned to them in the county records. Your payer keeps the same rate, the same payment and the same payoff date, and the only change on their side is the address the payment goes to.
Why more buyers bid on this type
Of all the types of notes you can sell, a first-lien note on real estate draws the widest field. The collateral is easy to value and it sits in a fixed place. Recovering it after a default follows a known legal process, though that process differs from state to state.
A wider field helps you because of how price is set. The higher the return a buyer wants on their money, the less they pay for the same payments, and a buyer who knows two others are looking at the same file has a reason to ask for less. That is the case for letting us price the note with more than one buyer before you answer a single offer.
What a buyer works out
The buyer starts with the payments left and discounts them at the return they are aiming for, then adjusts for risk. Equity is the main adjustment: the gap between what the property is worth and what is owed on it. A payer who put down a large deposit and has paid for years has a lot to lose by walking away.
A buyer also compares the price they pay with the property’s value, a ratio that sits alongside equity and is called investment to value. If you want the arithmetic on a sample note, it is in our account of how note buyers calculate a price. The direction is always the same: more equity and a longer on-time record bring the price closer to the balance, and a thin down payment or a short record pushes it away.
Problems to find before a buyer does
- An unrecorded lien. If the mortgage or deed of trust was signed but never filed with the county, a buyer cannot be sure of its position. Ask a title company or attorney about recording it before you ask for offers.
- Unpaid taxes or lapsed insurance. Property tax debts generally rank ahead of your lien. A buyer will check, so check first.
- A thin payment record. Cash payments with no receipts are hard to prove. Bank statements showing the deposits are the simplest fix.
A sale can survive any of these, but each one costs more when it turns up during the buyer’s review than when you raise it at the start.
The documents to pull out
Find the original note, the recorded mortgage or deed of trust, and whatever shows the payments received. Add the settlement statement from your sale if you still have it, since it shows the price and the down payment in one place. With those on the table you can read any offer against the same facts the buyer used.